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all rights reserved. ant tm is a trademark of dynastream innovation inc. reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written permissi on of the copyright holder. april 2010 nrf24ap2 NRF24AP2-USB single-chip ant tm ultra-low power wireless network solution product specification v1.0 key features ? second generation single chip ant solution ? bridge from ant networks and devices to computers, macs, and the internet ? nrf24ap2- usb supports up to eight ant (logic) channels ? ideal for hubs ? world wide 2.4 ghz ism band operation ? usb v2.0 interface ? fully embedded, enhanc ed ant protocol stack ? built-in device search and pairing ? built-in timing and power management ? built-in interf erence handling ? configurable channel period 5.2 ms - 2 s ? broadcast, acknowledged and burst communication modes ? burst data rate up to 20 kbps ? simple to complex network topologies: peer-to-peer, star, tree and practical mesh ? supports public, private and managed networks ? support for ant+ device profile implementations enabling multivendor interoperability ? fully interoperable with nr f24ap1, dynastream ant chipset / module based prod- ucts and other nrf24ap2 variants ? rohs compliant 5x5 mm 32-pin qfn package ? low cost external 16 mhz crystal applications ?sports ? wellness ? home health monitoring ? home/industrial automation ? environmental sensor networks ? active rfid ? logistics/goods tracking ? audience-resp onse systems
revision 1.0 page 2 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification liability disclaimer nordic semiconductor asa reserves th e right to make changes without furthe r notice to the product to improve reliability, function or design. nordic semico nductor asa does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits described herein. all application information is advisory and does not form part of the specification. limiting values stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the specifications are not implied. exposure to limitin g values for extended periods may affect device reliability. life support applications nordic semiconductor?s products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be ex pected to result in pers onal injury. nordic semi- conductor asa customers using or selli ng these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify nordic semiconduc tor asa for any dama ges resulting from such improper use or sale. contact details for your nearest dealer, please see www.nordicsemi.com. main office: otto nielsens veg 12 7004 trondheim phone: +47 72 89 89 00 fax: +47 72 89 89 89 www.nordicsemi.com datasheet status objective product specific ation this product specification contains target specifications for nordic semiconductor?s product development. preliminary product specification this product specification contains preliminary data; supplementary data may be published from no rdic semiconductor asa later. product specification this produc t specification contains final product specifications. nordic semiconductor asa reserves the righ t to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product.
revision 1.0 page 3 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification rohs statement this product meets the requirements of directive 2002/95/ec of the european parliament and of the council on the restriction of haza rdous substances (rohs). complete hazardous substance reports as well as material composition reports for all active no rdic products can be found on our web site www.nordicsemi.com . revision history date version description april 2010 1.0 product specification
revision 1.0 page 4 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification contents 1 introduction ................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 6 1.1 prerequisites .................. ................ ................. .............. .............. ......... 6 1.2 writing conventions .......... ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 6 2 product overview ......... ................ ................. ................ ................. ........... 7 2.1 features ................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 8 2.2 block diagram ........... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 9 2.3 pin assignments ....... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 10 2.4 pin functions ................. ................ ................. .............. .............. ......... 10 2.4.1 power supply pins .......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 11 2.4.2 reset pin .......... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 11 3 rf transceiver .............. ................ ................. ................ ................. ........... 12 3.1 features ................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 12 3.2 block diagram ........... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 12 4 ant overview ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 13 4.1 block diagram ........... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 13 4.2 functional description ......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 13 4.2.1 ant nodes................... ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 14 4.2.2 ant channels ....... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 14 4.2.3 ant channel configuratio n .................. ................ ................. ........... 15 4.2.4 proximity search .......... ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 17 4.2.5 continuous scanning mode ... ................ ................ ................. ......... 18 4.2.6 ant network topologies .. ................. .............. ............... ........... ....... 18 4.2.7 ant message protocol ....... ................. ................ ................. ........... 19 5 host interface ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 21 5.1 features ................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 21 5.2 block diagram ........... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 21 5.3 functional description ......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 21 5.3.1 physical usb connection .. ............. .............. .............. .............. ....... 22 5.3.2 usb enumeration .... ................ ................ ................. .............. ......... 22 5.3.3 usb descriptors.... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 22 5.3.4 string descriptors............ .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 25 5.3.5 customize descriptors .... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 25 5.3.6 control transfer ............ ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 26 5.3.7 host command flow .......... ................. ................ ................. ........... 28 6 on-chip oscillator....... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 30 6.1 features ................ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 30 6.2 block diagram ........... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 30 6.3 functional description ......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 30 6.3.1 16 mhz crystal osci llator............... .............. .............. .............. ......... 30 6.3.2 external 16 mhz clock ...... .............. .............. .............. .............. ....... 31 7 operating conditions ............ ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 32 8 electrical specifications .......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 33 8.1 usb interface ........ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 34 8.2 dc electrical characterist ics .............. .............. .............. .............. ....... 35
revision 1.0 page 5 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 8.3 current consumption ........... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 36 9 absolute maximum ratings ....... .............. .............. .............. .............. ....... 37 10 mechanical specification...... ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 38 11 reference circuitry..... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 39 11.1 pcb guidelines...... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 39 11.2 schematics............ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 40 11.3 layout ................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 41 11.4 bill of materials (bom) .... ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 42 12 ordering information ............ ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 43 12.1 package marking ............. ................. .............. .............. .............. ......... 43 12.1.1 abbreviations ...... ................ ................. ................ ................. ........... 43 12.2 product options ......... ................. ................ ................ ................. ......... 43 12.2.1 rf silicon .......... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 43 12.2.2 development tools .......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ......... 43 13 glossary............ ................. ................ ................ ................. .............. ......... 44
revision 1.0 page 6 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 1 introduction the nrf24ap2 components belong to nordic semicond uctor?s low-cost, high-performance family of 2.4 ghz ism connectivity-on-chip devices with the an t protocol stack embedded. nrf24ap2 offers the market?s most efficient, single ch ip, transceiver solution for ultra low power (ulp) networks, through the integration of the extremely power efficient ant protocol stack, the world leading nordic semiconductor 2.4 ghz rf technology as well as critical low-power oscillator and timing features. this document covers the product NRF24AP2-USB, wh ich is a single-chip implementation of an ant usb bridge. 1.1 prerequisites in order to fully understand the pr oduct specification, a good knowledge of electronics and software engineering is necessary. please also refer to the document ant message protocol and usage when reading this product specification. y ou can download the document from nordic ?s web site www.nordicsemi.com or from www.thisisant.com . 1.2 writing conventions this product specification follows a set of typographic rules to ensure t hat the document is consistent and easy to read. the following writing conventions are used: ? commands, bit state conditions, an d register names are written in courier new . ? pin names and pin signal conditions are written in courier new bold . ? cross references are underlined and highlighted in blue .
revision 1.0 page 7 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 2 product overview ant is a demonstrably superior wireless sensor networ k (wsn) rf protocol for almost all practical ultra- low power networking applications ? from simple point-to-point links to complex networks. embedded in nrf24ap2 devices, it is paired up with nordic semiconductor's market leading 2.4 ghz radio technology. the combination gives you a high performance-, ultr a-low-power network connectivity to applications. the NRF24AP2-USB, with its usb v2.0 compatible serial interface, is ma de specifically to act as a bridge between an ant wireless network and backbone infrastructure. backbone infrastructure can be advanced user interfaces, storage on a comput er or other usb enabled equipment. figure 1. on page 7 shows a network in which a network node with NRF24AP2-USB embedded, communi- cates with up to eight ant nodes. an example might be a computer collecting data from a hub (a watch) in a portable ant sensor network containing several sensor s (like heart rate-, speed and distance sensors). the 8-channel NRF24AP2-USB node can of course also set up ant channels with other nodes (gym equipment, for instance). the information collected though NRF24AP2-USB can then be used either locally or shared with others over local networks or internet. figure 1. simple setup with NRF24AP2-USB see figure 10. on page 19 for more complex ant-network topologies. internet computer with NRF24AP2-USB stick wl a n . . . . . . node 2 node 8
revision 1.0 page 8 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 2.1 features features of the NRF24AP2-USB include: ? ultra low power 2.4 ghz transceiver x w o r l d w i d e 2 . 4 g h z i s m b a n d operation x based on nrf24l01+ transceiver x gfsk modulation x 1 mbps on-air data rate x 1 mhz frequency resolution x 78 rf channels x -85 dbm sensitivity x up to 0 dbm output power ? ant protocol stack x full implementation of the physical, data link, network- and transport osi layers x packet-based communication ? 8 byte payload per packet x optimized for ultra-low power operation ? ant channels x logic communication channel between ant nodes x nrf24ap2usb support up to 8 channels?ideal for hubs x built-in timing and power management x built-in interference handling x configurable channel period 5.2 ms - 2 s x broadcast, acknowledged and burst communication modes x burst data rate up to 20 kbps ? device search and pairing x wild-card searches x proximity searches x specific searches x automatic link establishment if correct device is found x automatic re-link atte mpt if link is lost x configurable search timeout ? network topologies x point-to- point and star networks using independent ant channels x shared networks: polled data collection (n:1) by using ant shared channel option x broadcast networks: mass distribution of data (1:n) ? network management / ant+ x supports public and private (managed) networks x support for ant+ system implementations enabling multi- vendor interoperability ? ant core stack enhancements x background scanning channel x continuous scanning mode x high density node support x improved channel search x channel id management x i m p r o v e d t r a n s m i s s i o n p o w e r c o n t r o l on a per channel basis x frequency agility x proximity search ? power management x fully controlled by ant protocol stack x on-chip voltage regulator x usb supply operation x 4.0 to 5.25v supply range ? on-chip oscillators and clock inputs x 16 mhz crystal oscillato r supporting low- cost crystals ? host interface x usb v2.0 compatible x on-chip pull-up resistor on d+ x two control endpoints and two bulk endpoints x suspend and resume power management functions x usb drivers and ant command libraries supported by ant
revision 1.0 page 9 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 2.2 block diagram nrf24ap2 is composed of five main blocks as shown in figure 2. the blocks indicate the interface, power management, the ant protocol engine, on-chip oscillators and the rf transceiver. figure 2. block diagram of nrf24ap2 solution to find more information about each block in the diagram, see table 1. table 1. block diagram cross references name reference rf transceiver chapter 3 on page 12 ant protocol engine chapter 4 on page 13 usb interfaces chapter 5 on page 21 on-chip oscillators chapter 6 on page 30 power management chapter 8 on page 33 nrf24ap2 computer 16 mhz dec1 i ref dec2 vss vdd ant1 ant2 vdd_pa ant protocol engine ultra low power 2.4 ghz transceiver usb power management on-chip oscillators
revision 1.0 page 10 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 2.3 pin assignments figure 3. NRF24AP2-USB pin assignment (top view) for a qfn32 5x5 mm package 2.4 pin functions table 2. NRF24AP2-USB pin functions pin name type description 21, 22 ant1, ant2 rf differential antenna connection (tx and rx) 5, 4 d-, d+ digital i/o differential usb connection 28, 29 dec1, dec2 power power supply outputs for de-coupling purposes 25 iref analog input device reference current output. to be connected to reference resistor on pcb 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 nc nc not connected 8 reset digital input reset, acti ve low. connect to vdd if not used 2 vbus power usb power supply 1, 3, 9, 19, 24, 27 vdd power alternative power supply pins. the vdd pins must always be connected and de-coupled externally. 20 vdd_pa power output power supply output (+1.8v) for on-chip rf power amplifier 6, 7, 12, 17, 18, 23, 26, 30 vss power ground (0v) 32, 31 xc1, xc2 analog input connection for 16 mhz crystal exposed die pad power/heat relief not connected vdd vbus vdd d+ d- vss vss reset vdd vss ant2 ant1 vdd_pa vdd vss vss vdd nc nc vss nc nc nc nc vss xc1 xc2 dec2 dec1 vdd vss iref 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 NRF24AP2-USB qfn32 5x5 exposed die pad
revision 1.0 page 11 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 2.4.1 power supply pins vbus and vss are the power supply and ground pins. th e NRF24AP2-USB can operate from a single power supply. the NRF24AP2-USB contains an on-chip regulator that produces +3.3v on the vdd pins, from the vbus supply line (4.0 ? 5.25v). alternatively, the vbus pin can be left open and the vdd pins may be fed from an external 3.3v supply. in th is case, the on-chip 3.3v regulator is switched off. 2.4.2 reset pin the reset pin provides an optional reset when the nrf24 ap2-usb is placed in a system that has a master reset source, this pin is not needed for normal application. pull reset pin low for minimum 0.2 s and return to high, this will reset the NRF24AP2-USB to the default state. connect reset pin to vdd if not used in the application.
revision 1.0 page 12 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 3 rf transceiver all transceiver operations are controlled solely by th e ant protocol stack. conf iguration of the ant proto- col stack occurs through a se rial interface by issuing an t commands to NRF24AP2-USB. 3.1 features features of the rf transceiver include: ? general x worldwide 2.4 ghz ism band operation x common antenna interface in transmit and receive x gfsk modulation x 1 mbps on air data rate ? transmitter x programmable output power: 0, -6, -12 or -18 dbm ? receiver x integrated channel filters x -85 dbm sensitivity ? rf synthesizer x fully integrated synthesizer x 1 mhz frequency programming resolution x 78 rf channels in the 2.4 ghz ism band x accepts low cost 50 ppm 16 mhz crystal x 1 mhz non-overlapping channel spacing 3.2 block diagram figure 4. on page 12 shows a block diagram of the rf transceiver in NRF24AP2-USB. figure 4. internal circuitry of rf transceiver relative to ant rf receiver ant1 ant2 ant protocol stack gfsk modulator pa lna tx filter rx filter rf synthesizer rf transmitter gfsk demodulator
revision 1.0 page 13 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 4 ant overview the ant protocol has been engineered for simplicity and efficiency. in operation, this results in ultra-low power consumption, maximized battery life, a minima l burden on system resources, simpler network designs and lower implementation costs. 4.1 block diagram figure 5. osi layer model of ant protocol stack ant provides carefree handling of the physical, data link, network, and transport osi layers. please see figure 5. on page 13. in addition, it inco rporates key, low-level security features that form the founda- tion for user-defined, sophisticated, network-security implementations. ant ensures adequate user control while considerably easing the computational burden, by providing a simple yet effective wireless network- ing solution. 4.2 functional description a brief overview of the ant concept is presented here for convenience. a complete description of the ant protocol is found in the document ant message protocol and usage available at www.nordicsemi.com or www.thisisant.com . application/presentation layers higher level security network/transport & low level security data link layer physical layer user defined implemented by ant
revision 1.0 page 14 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 4.2.1 ant nodes all ant networks are built up of nodes . see the ant node represented in figure 6. on page 14 . a node can be anything from a simple sensor to a complex, collection unit like a watch or computer. common to all nodes is that they contain an ant engine (nrf24ap2) handling all connectivity to other nodes and a host processor handling the application features. nrf24ap2 interfaces to the host processor through a serial interface, and all configuration and control ar e performed using a simple command library. figure 6. the ant node 4.2.2 ant channels nrf24ap2 can establish one or up to eight logic ch annels, called ant channels, to other ant nodes. the number of ant channels available depends on the nrf24ap2 variant being used. figure 7. ant nodes and the channel between them the simplest ant channel is called an independent c hannel and consists of tw o nodes, one acting as master, the other as slave for th is channel. for each ant channe l opened, nrf24ap2 will set up and manage a synchronous wireless link, exchanging data pa ckets with other ant nodes at preset time intervals called channel periods. see figure 8. on page 15 . the master controls the timing of a channel, that is to say, it will a lways initiate communication between the nod es. the slave locks on to the timing set by the master, receives the transmissions from the master and can then (if configured so) send acknowl- edge and/or data (if any) back to the master. host mcu nrf24ap2 (ant engine) node serial interface host mcu nrf24ap2 (ant engine) node 1 host mcu nrf24ap2 (ant engine) node 2 channel a master slave
revision 1.0 page 15 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification figure 8. channel communication showing forward and reverse directions. not to scale at each time slot an ant channel can transfer user data (8 bytes) both ways as simple broadcasts, broadcast with acknowledgement from the receiver, or tran sfer data as bursts (this will extend the time slot used) to accommodate transfer of larger blocks of user data. the total available payload bandwidth (20 kbps) in an ant node is shared between active an t channels through a time division multiple access (tdma) scheme. if a channe l time slot comes up, but there is no new data from the master, the master will still send the last packet to keep th e timing of the channel and enable the slave to send data back if needed. each ant channel available in the nrf24ap2 can for example be configured as a simple unidirectional (broadcast), or bi-directional independent channel; or as a more complex, shared channel where a master interfaces to multiple slaves (1 :n topologies). please see the ant message protocol and usage document for further details on shared ant channels. 4.2.3 ant channel configuration unique to ant is that the setup of each ant channel is independent from all the other ant channels in the network, including other channels in the same node. this means that one ant node can act as master on one ant channel while being a slave to another. since there is no overal l ?network master? present in ant networks, ant allows you to configure and run each an t channel solely based on the needs of the nodes on that channel. search- and pairing algorithms in an t let you easily set up and shut down ant channels in an ad-hoc fashion. this gives yo u ultimate flexibility in adjusting an t channel parameters like data rate and latency versus power consumption. moreover, you only make the network as complex as it needs to be at any given time. in order for two ant nodes to set up an ant channel, they must share a common channel configuration and channel id. the necessary configuration parameters are summarized in ta b l e 3. on page 16 . master slave tch tch tch time time forward direction reverse direction channel time slot (always) (optional)
revision 1.0 page 16 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification table 3. ant channel id the channel configuration parameters are static syste m parameters that must match in the master and slave, and the channel id is included in all transmissi ons identifying the two nodes for each other. for in- depth details on each parameter please refer to ant message protocol and usage . network in addition to setting the content of the channel id, which is the primary id of an ant node, ant nodes can limit their connectivity to a selection of other ant nodes by defining a network for each ant channel. the limited access to certain networks is managed through unique network keys the defined ant networks are: 1. public networks: these are open ant networks with no limitation on connectivity. all ant nodes sharing the same channel co nfiguration (by design or by a ccident) will be able to connect. this is the default setting in nrf24ap2. 2. managed networks: these are ant networks mana ged by special interest groups or alliances. an example is the ant+ alliance for sport and wellness products. to join the ant+ alliance, please visit www.thisisant.com . by joining the ant+ alliance and complying with the ant+ device profiles set by the a lliance, you achieve two goals: x limited connectivity: only ot her ant+ compliant devices can connect on this channel. x interoperability: your node ca n connect to ant+ compliant products from other vendors. 3. private networks: your own protected networks, and no othe r devices, will be able to connect to your ant nodes unless you share the network key with someone outside the network. please note that this requires purchase of a unique network key from ant, see www.thisisant.com . since the network parameter can be chosen indepe ndently for each ant channel, one ant node can have up to eight ant channels, operating on different networks at the same time. note: the network parameter has no impact on the network topologies you can build. it is merely a tool to protect your ant network and prevent ac cidental or deliberate access from other ant nodes. parameter comment channel configuration channel period time interval between data exchanges on this channel (5.2 ms - 2 s) rf frequencies which of the 78 available rf frequencies is used by this channel channel type bi-directional slave, bi-directional master, shared bi-directional slave, slave receive only network type decides if this ant channel is going to be gener- ally accessible (public) to all ant nodes, or if it shall limit its connectivity to devices belonging to a managed or private network channel id transmission type 1 byte ? identifying characteristics of the transmis- sion, can for instance contain codes on how pay- load is to be interpreted device type 1 byte - id to identi fy the device type of the chan- nel master (ex: heartrate belt, temperature sensor etc.) device number 2 byte - unique id for this channel
revision 1.0 page 17 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification channel id, search and pairing the primary parameters which two ant nodes use to identify each other make up the channel id . once an ant channel is established, the channel id parameters must of course match; but they don?t have to be known by both nodes (pre-configured) to be able to establish an ant channel. when an nrf24ap2 configured as a master (set in channel type) opens an ant channel, it will broadcast its entire channel id . hence you must configure all three channel id parameters before opening an ant channel as a master. on the other hand, in a slave you can configure nrf2 4ap2 to search for and connect with both known and unknown masters. to connect with a k nown master you must configure the transmission type , device type and device number in nrf24ap2 before opening the ant channel. you can also configure the nrf24ap2 to conduct wild-card searches on one or more of the three parame- ters in the channel id to enable it to pair up with unknown masters. you can for instance set only the device type of the masters you want to link up with, and set wild cards on the transmission type and device number . if a new master with a matching device type is found, the slave device will connect and store the unknown parts of the channel id . the new parts of the channel id can then be stored in the host mcu to enable specific search es for this master later. 4.2.4 proximity search when using the basic search and pairing algorithm a sl ave will automatically identify and connect to the first master it finds matching the se arch criteria. in areas where you either have a high density of similar master nodes or high density of independent ant netw orks, there is always the ch ance that multiple mas- ters are found within the coverage area. this presents the risk that it is not the master you want to connect to that is found first. the proximit y search feature in ant designates ?bin s? of proximity from 1 (closest) to 10 (furthest) as shown in figure 9. on page 17 . figure 9. standard search (a), proximity se arch (b), showing bins 1-5 (of maximum 10) this ?binning? enables you to further control your sear ch, for example by only accepting the master that is closest (only accepting masters that fall in bin 1-2). th is makes it easy for a user to pair up network nodes and prevent accidental connec tion to nodes possibly belonging to another network close by.
revision 1.0 page 18 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 4.2.5 continuous scanning mode continuous scanning mode allows for fully asynchronous communication between an ant node using continuous scanning mode, and any other ant node us ing a standard master channel. this has two main advantages over only using standard ant channels. the first is that the latency to initiate communication with the scanning node is reduced to zero and every message sent by a master chan nel in proximity will be received by the scanning device. secondly, the requirement to maintain communication for the purpose of synchronization while in proximity is removed. this means that it is possible for nodes to come and go very quickly or to turn off for long pe riods of time in between communication events. this saves power on the transmitting node. the disadvantage of continuous scanning mode is that it consumes much more power than standard ant channels. therefore, continuous scanning mode will typically be us ed only on devices th at are plugged in and not mobile such as a computer (usb dongle). another disadvantage is that a node in scanning mode can no longer be configured to have discoverable master channels because scanning mode disables stan- dard ant channel functionality. it is worth noting that two ant nodes in scanning mode cannot communi- cate with one anothe r because neither will be able to sp ontaneously genera te communication. standard ant channels ar e recommended over scanning channels, even in dynamic systems where devices are coming and going. this is because sc anning channels are not recommended for a mobile network, which is the primary use case for ant. scanning channels will typically be used in statically located networks where the scanning channel node is plugged in and not mobile. 4.2.6 ant network topologies by combining ant channels with different features depe nding on local needs, you can build anything from very simple peer-to-peer links and star ne tworks to complex networks as shown in figure 10. on page 19 .
revision 1.0 page 19 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification figure 10. network topology examples supported by ant 4.2.7 ant message protocol the host microcontroller handles all the configurat ion and control of the various ant node and channel parameters in nrf24ap2 over a simple serial interface, by using the command library. see the document ant message protocol and usage for further details on the command library. 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 7 m peer to peer star practical mesh shared bi-directional 8 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 5 4 3 2 1 scanning mode ant-fs (secure authenticated) 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 ? 8 6 7 m ad-hoc auto shared 1 12 2 11 3 10 4 9 5 8 6 7 m shared uni-directional n broadcast bidirectional acknowledged broadcast shared cluster sensor hub relay
revision 1.0 page 20 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification table 4. ant message summary supported by nrf24ap2 class type commands in ant command library reply from co nfig . messages unassign channel ant_unassignchannel() yes host assign channel ant_assignchannel() yes host channel id ant_setchannelid() yes host channel period ant_setchannelperiod() yes host search timeout ant_setchannelsearchtimeout() yes host channel rf fre- quency ant_setchannelrffreq() yes host set network ant_setnetworkkey() yes host transmit power ant_settransmitpower() yes host id list add ant_addchannelid() yes host id list config ant_configlist() yes host channel transmit power ant_setchanneltxpower() yes host low priority search timeout ant_setlowprioritychannelsearchti meout() yes host enable ext rx mesgs ant_r xextmesgsenable() yes host frequency agility ant_confi gfrequencyagility() yes host proximity search ant_setp roximitysearch() yes host notifications startup message responsefunc( -, 0x6f) - ant control messages systemreset ant_res etsystem() no host open channel ant_openchannel() yes host close channel ant_closechannel() yes host open rx scan mode ant_openrxscanmode( yes host request message ant_requestmessage() yes host data messages broadcast data ant_sendbroadcastdata() channeleventfunc(chan,ev) no host/ ant acknowledge data ant_sendacknowledgeddata() channeleventfunc(chan, ev) no host/ ant burst transfer data ant_sendbursttransferpacket() channeleventfunc(chan, ev) no host/ ant channel event messages channel response/ event channeleventfunc(chan, messagecode) or responsefunc(chan, msgid) -ant requested response messages channel status responsefunc(chan, 0x52) - ant channel id responsefunc(chan, 0x51) - ant ant version responsefunc(chan, 0x51) - ant capabilities responsefunc(-, 0x3e) - ant test mode cw init ant initcwtestmode() yes host cw test ant setcwtestmode() yes host ext data messages extended broadcast data ant sendextbroadcastdata() a channeleventfunc(chan, ev) no host extended ack. data ant sendextacknowledgeddata() a channeleventfunc(chan, ev) no host extended burst data ant sendextburstt ransferpacket() a channeleventfunc(chan, ev) no host a. nrf24ap2 does not send these channeleventfu nctions() to the host. nrf24ap2 will send extended messages by appending the additional by tes to standard broadcast, acknowledged and burst data.
revision 1.0 page 21 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 5 host interface the NRF24AP2-USB has a usb v2.0 compliant host inte rface. this enables direct connection from the NRF24AP2-USB to a computer or hubs in other usb enabled equipment. together with the command libraries and usb drivers available from ant the nrf24ap2 -usb enables ant connectivity for applications in computers and other advanced hosts. 5.1 features usb serial interface of NRF24AP2-USB: ? serial interface engine: x usb v2.0 compliant x on-chip pull-up resistor on d+ ? two control endpoints and two bulk endpoints ? suspend and resume power management functions ? usb drivers and ant command libraries supported by ant the following usb features are necessary to declar e when your product undergoes usb compliance testing: ? full speed peripheral ? microcontroller with u sb drivers on same chip ? bus powered ? no remote wakeup 5.2 block diagram figure 11. shows a usb block with external signals vbus, d+,d-,gnd , on-chip pull up resistor on d+ on one side and connection to the rf transceiver on the other. note: the serial resistors on vbus, d+ and d- are for esd protection and usb v2.0 compliance figure 11. usb block connected to ant engine 5.3 functional description when the NRF24AP2-USB is plugged into a usb the fi rst thing that needs to take place is for the NRF24AP2-USB to identify itself fo r the usb hub. this process is called enumeration and is handled auto- matically by the NRF24AP2-USB. once the device is enumerated, applications on the host can access the NRF24AP2-USB using ant command libraries. NRF24AP2-USB computer matching network crystal d+ d- gnd vbus antenna resistors usb connector
revision 1.0 page 22 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification this section outlines the enumeration process, user configurable usb parameters, and message exchanges that take place on the NRF24AP2-USB host interface. 5.3.1 ph ysical usb connection the physical connection between nr f24ap2-usb and the host must follow the usb standard v2.0 (for instance, use usb approved connectors) in order for your NRF24AP2-USB based application to go through usb compliance testing. 5.3.2 usb enumeration the usb enumeration process is handled by the NRF24AP2-USB. during the enumeration the host reads out the usb descriptors and strings to determine whic h device has been connected to the bus. after the host has received the parame ters it will then assign the device an address and allowing it to transfer data on the bus. a typical enumeration process consists of the following steps: 1. the host detects a new device on the bus via the pull up resistor on d+ . 2. the host issues a reset to place the nrf24ap2 -usb to the default state. this will enable the device to respond to the default address zero requests. 3. the host requests the device descriptor on address 0. 4. the host issues another bus reset. 5. the host issues a set address command, pl acing the NRF24AP2-USB in an addressed state. 6. the host requests the device descriptor again. 7. the host requests the configuration, interface and endpoint descriptors. 8. the host requests the string descriptors. after the enumeration process the NRF24AP2-USB c an transfer ant messages on the bus. a complete summary of ant messages supported are listed in table 4. on page 20 . 5.3.3 usb descriptors the NRF24AP2-USB has a set of usb descriptors which describe to the host information about manufac- turer, product, usb version, the number of endpoints and their types. figure 12. organization of usb descriptors device descriptor configuration descriptor interface descriptor endpoint descriptor 1 in endpoint descriptor 1 out
revision 1.0 page 23 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification the device descriptor contains basic information ab out the device such as the supported usb version, maximum packet size, vendor and product ids. table 5. device descriptors the configuration descriptor specifies how the device is powered, the maximum power consumption, and the number of interfaces used. table 6. configuration descriptor field notes value description blength 0x12 18 bdescriptortype 0x01 device bcdusb 0x0200 2.0 bdeviceclass 0x00 class defined at inter- face level bdevicesubclass 0x00 subclass defined at interface level bdeviceprotocol 0x00 none bmaxpacketsize0 0x20 32 idvendor a a. these fields can be customized with your own value 0x0fcf dynastream innovations, inc. idproduct a 0x1008 0x1008 bcddevice 0x0100 1.0 imanufacturer 0x01 1 iproduct 0x02 2 iserialnumber 0x03 3 bnumconfigurations 0x01 1 field notes value description blength 0x09 valid bdescriptortype 0x02 configuration wtotallength 0x0020 32 bytes bnuminterface 0x01 1 bconfigurationvalue 0x01 1 iconfiguration 0x02 2 bmattributes. reserved 0x00 zero bmattributes. remotewakeup 0x0 not supported bmattributes. selfpowe red 0x0 no, bus powered bmattributes. reserved7 0x1 one bmaxpower 0x32 100 ma
revision 1.0 page 24 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification the interface descriptor contains information about the number of endpoints and their class. table 7. interface descriptor endpoint descriptors contain informat ion about the transfer type, interval and the packet size. the host will use the information to decide on the requirements fo r the bus. the nrf24ap2-u sb uses two endpoints for communication with the host, one configured as in and the other as out. table 8. endpoint descriptor 1 in table 9. endpoint descriptor 1 out field notes value description blength 0x09 valid bdescriptortype 0x04 interface binterfacenumber 0x00 0 balternatesetting 0x00 0 bnumendpoints 0x02 2 binterfaceclass 0xff vendor-specific binterfacesubclass 0x00 vendor-specific binterfaceprotocol 0x00 none iinterface 0x02 2 field notes value description blength 0x07 valid bdescriptortype 0x05 endpoint bendpointaddress 0x81 1 in bmattributes. transfertype 0x2 bulk bmattributes. reserved 0x00 zero wmaxpacketsize 0x0040 64 bytes binterval 0x01 ignored for full speed, bulk endpoints field notes value description blength 0x07 valid bdescriptortype 0x05 endpoint bendpointaddress 0x01 1 out bmattributes. transfertype 0x2 bulk bmattributes. reserved 0x00 zero wmaxpacketsize 0x0040 64 bytes binterval 0x01 ignored for full speed, bulk endpoints
revision 1.0 page 25 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 5.3.4 string descriptors string descriptors provide inform ation about the manufacturer, product and serial number for the NRF24AP2-USB. these strings can be modified, see section 5.3.5 on page 25 . string index 0 returns a list of supported languages. table 10. string index 0 (language identifier) table 11. string index 1 (manufacturer string) table 12. string index 2 (product string) table 13. string index 3 (serial number string) 5.3.5 cu stomize descriptors the NRF24AP2-USB is programmed with default vid/pid va lues which allow it to function with the drivers and libraries provided by ant. howe ver, it is possible to customize the NRF24AP2-USB. you can custom- ize the following values and string descriptors: ? vendor id (vid) ? product id (pid) ? manufacturer string ? product string ? serial number field notes value description blength 0x04 4 bdescriptortype 0x03 string wlangid[0] 0x0409 english (us) field notes value description blength 0x30 48 bdescriptortype 0x03 string bstring a a. this field can be customized with your own manufacturer string ?dynastream innovations? field notes value description blength 0x1e 30 bdescriptortype 0x03 string bstring a a. this field can be customized with your own product string "ant usbstick2" field notes value description blength 0x2a 42 bdescriptortype 0x03 string bstring a a. this field can be customized with your own serial number ?123?
revision 1.0 page 26 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification use the set_descriptor_string(0xc7) command to co nfigure usb descriptor strings. this command is an extension to the ant command interface and is sent in the same manner as the other ant serial com- mands. the descriptor strings can be se t up to three times. see the document ant message protocol and usage for further details on the command library. note: do not remove power supply while updat ing the vid, pid or usb descriptors. 5.3.6 control transfer control transfers are used for all commands and queri es during the usb device enumeration process. the NRF24AP2-USB allows a maximum data packet size of 32 bytes for the control transfers. all control transfers can have up to three stages, and are handled automatically by the NRF24AP2-USB. 5.3.6.1 control write transfer figure 13. setup stage the setup stage starts with a setup token packet , followed by a data packe t detailing the type of request. finally an ack handshake packet is sent ba ck by the NRF24AP2-USB if the setup data has been received correctly, otherwise nothing is sent back. figure 14. data stage (optional) when the request indicates that the host wants to send control data, the data stage will be made up of one or more out transfers. each out transfer will start with an out token packet followed by a data packet. the NRF24AP2-USB will reply with an ack handshake packet if everything was received correctly. a nak will be returned if the pr evious packet from the host is still being processed. if any part of the token or data packet was corrupted or missing, noth ing will be sent back. a stall will be returned if the token and data were received but another error occurred. ack setup NRF24AP2-USB host data0 ack out datax stall (error) nak (not ready)
revision 1.0 page 27 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification figure 15. status stage the status stage is used to verify the status of the overall request. for a cont rol write transfer the status stage will start with an in token packet. the NRF24AP2-USB will reply wit h a data packet of zero length if the overall request was successful . a stall will be returned if an erro r occurred at any point during the processing of the transfer. a na k will be returned if the nrf24ap2-u sb is still busy processing the trans- fer. finally the host will send an ack handshake packet to indicate that it received the status. 5.3.6.2 control read transfer figure 16. setup stage the setup stage starts with a setup token packet , followed by a data packe t detailing the type of request. finally an ack handshake packet is sent ba ck by the NRF24AP2-USB if the setup data has been received correctly, otherwise nothing is sent back. figure 17. data stage (optional) when the request indicates that the host wants to receive control data, the data stage will be made up of one or more in transfers. each in transfer will st art with an in token packet. the NRF24AP2-USB can reply with a data packet, a stall indicating an error has occurred or a nak indicating that the data is not data0 (0 bytes) in ack stall (error) nak (not ready) ack setup NRF24AP2-USB host data0 datax in ack stall (error) nak (not ready)
revision 1.0 page 28 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification yet ready. finally, when the data is received succe ssfully by the host it will send an ack handshake packet. figure 18. status stage for a control read transfer the status stage is used by the host to acknowledge that it has received the data successfully. the status stage will start with an ou t token packet followed by a data packet of zero length. the NRF24AP2-USB will reply with an ack handshake packet if it received the status packets successfully. a stall will be returned if an error occurred at any point during the processing of the trans- fer. a nak will be returned if the NRF24AP2-USB is busy and requires the host to repeat the status stage. 5.3.7 host command flow all other communication between the host and nrf24ap2 usb will be handled through usb drivers and libraries available from ant. thes e usb libraries interact with the device through two bulk endpoints (ep1in and ep1out). the use of the host interface is documented in ant message protocol and usage which is available as a pdf file from www.nordicsemi.com and www.thisisant.com . the serial messages detailed in that document are passed between the host and the NRF24AP2-USB inside the data packet portion of usb bulk transfers. table 14. driver/application usb paramete rs for communication with nrf24 ap2-usb 5.3.7.1 bulk transfers bulk transfers will be used to trans port the serial messages specified by the ant command interface. the NRF24AP2-USB supports a maximum bulk data packet size of 64 bytes. figure 19. bulk in transfer usb parameters value vid (vendor identification) 0x0fcf pid (product identification) 0x1008 in endpoint address 0x81 out endpoint address 0x01 ack out data0 (0 bytes) stall (error) nak (not ready) data in ack stall (error) nak (not ready) NRF24AP2-USB host
revision 1.0 page 29 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification when the host is ready to receive bu lk data it will send an in token packe t to the in endpoint (0x81). the NRF24AP2-USB will either send a data packet if one is ready, send a stall if an error occurred, send a nak if it no data is ready yet or do nothing if the in token was not received prop erly. finally the host will send an ack handshake packet if it su ccessfully received the data packet. figure 20. bulk out transfer when the host wants to send bulk data to the NRF24AP2-USB it will send an out token packet to the out endpoint (0x01). this will be followed by a data pack et containing the bulk data. if the NRF24AP2-USB received the data successfully it w ill return an ack handshaking packet. if an error occurred during pro- cessing, the NRF24AP2-USB will return a stall. if the NRF24AP2-USB is still busy processing the previ- ous data packet, a nak will be retu rned. if any part of the out toke n or data packet was corrupted or missing the NRF24AP2-USB will do nothing. 5.3.7.2 bulk transfer example the libraries available from ant contain all the sup ported messages to confi gure and use the nrf24ap2- usb. figure 21. shows an example of a serial message passing between the host and device. in this example the host issues an ant_requestmess age() in the data packet to read the ant version of the device. we have included hexadecimal values to help you should you need to debug the host serial interface. figure 21. example of out transf er (with varying level of detail) figure 22. example of in transfer (with varying level of detail) ack out data stall (error) nak (not ready) nrf24ap2- usb host ack out data ant_requestmessage(0x3e) ?a4 02 4d 00 3e d5" ack in data responsefunc (-, 0x3e) ?a4 0b 3e 41 50 32 55 53 42 31 2e 30 34 00 ed"
revision 1.0 page 30 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 6 on-chip oscillator in order to provide the necessary clocks for the ant protocol stack, nrf24ap2 contains one high frequency oscillator used by the rf transceiver. the hi gh frequency clock source must be a 16 mhz crystal oscillator. 6.1 features ? low-power, amplitude regulated 16 mhz crystal oscillator 6.2 block diagram figure 23. block diagram of 16 mhz crystal oscillator 6.3 functional description 6.3.1 16 mhz crystal oscillator the 16 mhz crystal oscillator is desi gned to be used with an at-cut qu artz crystal in parallel resonant mode. to achieve correct oscillation frequency it is very important th at the load capacitance matches the specification in the crystal datasheet. the load capacitance is the total capacitance from the perspective of the crystal across its terminals: amplitude regulator xc1 xc2 c 1 c 2 crystal pin pcb pin pcb load c c c c c c c c c c c c c + + = + + = + ? = 2 2 ' 2 1 1 ' 1 ' 2 ' 1 ' 2 ' 1
revision 1.0 page 31 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification c 1 and c 2 are ceramic smd capacitors connected be tween each crystal terminal and vss. c pcb1 and c pcb2 are stray capacitances on the pcb. c pin is the input capacitance on the xc1 and xc2 pins of nrf24ap2 (typically 1pf). c 1 and c 2 should be of the same value, or as close as possible. to ensure a functional radio link the frequency accuracy must be 50 ppm or better. the initial tolerance of the crystal, drift over te mperature, aging and frequency pulling due to inco rrect load capacitance must all be taken into account. for reliable operation the crystal load capacitance, shunt capacitance, equivalent series resistance (esr) and drive level must comply with the specifications in table 17. on page 34 . it is recommended to use a crystal with lower than maximu m esr if the load capacitance and/or shunt capaci- tance is high. this will give faster start-up and lower current consumption. 6.3.2 ex ternal 16 mhz clock nrf24ap2 may be used with an external 16 mhz clock applied to the xc1 pin. the input signal must be analog, coming from the crystal osc illator of a microcontroller, for exam ple. an input am plitude of 0.8v peak-to-peak or higher is recommended to achieve low current consumption and a good signal-to-noise ratio. the dc level is not important as long as the applied signal never rises above vdd or drops below vss. the xc1 pin will load the microcontroller?s crystal with app roximately 1pf in addi tion to pcb routing. xc2 shall not be connected. note: a frequency accuracy of 50 ppm or better is required to get device performance as outlined in chapter 8 on page 33 .
revision 1.0 page 32 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 7 operating conditions table 15. operating conditions table 16. external circuitry specification symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units vbus supply voltage 4.0 5 5.25 v vdd alternative supply voltage 3.05 3.27 3.5 v temp operating temperature -40 +27 +85 oc symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. unit 16 mhz crystal f nom nominal frequency (parallel resonant) 16.000 mhz f tol frequency tolerance a a. includes initial accuracy, stability over temperatur e, aging and frequency pulling due to incorrect load capacitance 50 ppm c l load capacitance 9 16 pf c 0 shunt capacitance 3 7 pf esr equivalent series resistance 50 100 p d drive level 100 w bias resistor (iref pin to gnd) r ref resistance 22 k ? r refacc to l e r a n c e 1 %
revision 1.0 page 33 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 8 electrical specifications this section contains electrical and timing specifications. conditions: vdd = 3.0v, t a = ? 40oc to +85oc (unless otherwise noted) symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units general rf conditions f op operating frequency a 2400 2403-2480 2483.5 mhz pll res pll programming resolution 1 mhz f xtal crystal frequency 16 mhz f frequency deviation 160 khz r gfsk air data rate b 1000 kbps f channel non-overlapping channel spacing c 1mhz transmitter operation p rf maximum output power d 0+4dbm p rfc rf power control range 16 18 20 db p rfcr rf power accuracy 4 db p bw1 20db bandwidth for modulated carrier 950 1100 khz p rf1.1 1 st adjacent channel transmit power 1 mhz -20 dbc p rf2.1 2 nd adjacent channel transmit power 2 mhz -40 dbc receiver operation rx max maximum received signal at < 0.1% ber 0dbm rx sens sensitivity (0.1% ber) -85 dbm rx selectivity according to etsi en 300 440-1 v1.3.1 (2001-09) page 27 c/i co c/i co-channel 9 dbc c/i 1st 1 st acs, c/i 1 mhz 8dbc c/i 2nd 2 nd acs, c/i 2 mhz -20 dbc c/i 3rd 3 rd acs, c/i 3 mhz -30 dbc c/i nth n th acs, c/i f i > 6 mhz -40 dbc c/i nth n th acs, c/i f i > 25 mhz -47 dbc rx selectivity with nrf24ap2 equal modulation on interfering signal (pin = -67dbm for wanted signal) c/i co c/i co-channel 12 dbc c/i 1st 1 st acs, c/i 1 mhz 8dbc c/i 2nd 2 nd acs, c/i 2 mhz -21 dbc c/i 3rd 3 rd acs, c/i 3 mhz -30 dbc c/i nth n th acs, c/i f i > 6 mhz -40 dbc c/i nth n th acs, c/i f i > 25 mhz -50 dbc rx intermodulation performance in line wi th bluetooth specification version 2.0, 4 th november 2004, page 42 p_im(3) input power of im interferers at 3 and 6 mhz distance from wanted signal e -36 dbm
revision 1.0 page 34 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification table 17. transceiver characteristics 8.1 usb interface the usb interface electrical performance is compliant with the usb specification 2.0. table 18. usb interface characteristics p_im(4) input power of im interferers at 4 and 8 mhz distance from wanted signal g -36 dbm p_im(5) input power of im interferers at 5 and 10 mhz distance from wanted signal g -36 dbm a. usable band is determined by local regulations. b. data rate in each burst on-air. c. the minimum channel spacing is 1 mhz. d. antenna load impedance = 15 + j88 . e. wanted signal level at pin = 64 dbm. two interferer s with equal input power are used. the interferer clos- est in frequency is unmodulated, t he other interferer is modulated equal to the wanted signal. the input power of interferers where the sens itivity equals ber=0.1% is presented. characteristic symbol conditions min. typ. max unit electrical characteristics input high voltage (driven) vih 2.0 v input low voltage vil 0.8 v differential input sensitivity vdi |( d+ ) ? ( d- )| 0.2 v differential common mode range vcm includes vdi range 0.8 2.5 v single ended receiver threshold vse 0.8 2.0 v single ended receiver hysteresis vseh 200 mv output low voltage vol 0 0.3 v output high voltage voh 2.8 3.6 v differential output signal cross-point voltage vcrs 1.3 2.0 v internal pull-up resistor (standby mode) r pu1 900 1100 1575 internal pull-up resistor (active mode) r pu2 1425 2100 3090 termination voltage connected to r pu vtrm 3.05 3.5 v output driver resistance (does not include the series resistance) zdrv steady state drive 15 timing characteristics driver rise time tfr cl=50pf 4 20 ns driver fall time tff cl=50pf 4 20 ns rise/fall time matching tfrff trf / tff 90 111 % transceiver pad capacitance cin pad to ground 20 pf symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units
revision 1.0 page 35 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification table 19. serial timing 8.2 dc el ectrical characteristics table 20. dc characteristics table 21.digital inputs/outputs symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units t suspend idle to suspend time 3.25 ms t reset power on reset time, software reset, and reset pin 2.0 ms t response- max the time the NRF24AP2-USB uses to respond to an input command 1.0 ms symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units on-chip voltage regulators vdd output voltage a a. also valid for vdd input voltage 3.05 3.27 3.5 v ivdd external load current 2 ma symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units v ih input high voltage 0.7 ? vdd vdd v v il input low voltage vss 0.3vdd v
revision 1.0 page 36 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 8.3 current consumption the power nrf24ap2 consumes depends on the configuration of nrf24ap2. note: the NRF24AP2-USB is not intended for battery power application. use the nrf24ap2-1ch or nrf24ap2-8ch for ultra low power applications. table 22. shows peak- and base current consumption for typical applications. conditions: ta = +25oc table 22. peak- and base current consumption for nrf24ap2 symbol parameter (condition) notes min. typ. max. units i idle no active channels?no communications 9.3 ma i suspend suspend control activated 500 a i peakrx peak rx current a a. time of maximum current consumption in rx is typical 500 s and maximum 1 ms. 22 ma i peaktx peak tx current at 0 dbm b b. time of maximum tx only current is typical 300 s and maximum 350 s. 20 ma i peaktx-6 peak tx current at -6 dbm b 18 ma i peaktx-12 peak tx current at -12 dbm b 17 ma i peaktx-18 peak tx current at -18 dbm b 16 ma
revision 1.0 page 37 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 9 absolu te maximum ratings maximum ratings are the extreme limits to which nrf24ap2 can be exposed without permanently damaging it. exposure to absolute maximum ratings for prolonged periods of time may affect device reli- ability. note: for operating conditions see table 15. on page 32 . table 23. absolute maximum ratings note: stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. attention! operating conditions minimum maximum units supply voltages vbus -0.3 +5.75 v vss 0v vdd -0.3 +3.6 v input voltage vi -0.3 +3.6 v temperatures operating temperature -40 +85 c storage temperature a a. the device can withstand up to 125c fo r short periods without damage. recommended long-time storage temperature <65c. -40 +85 c observe precaution for handling electrostatic sensitive device. hbm (human body model): class 1c
revision 1.0 page 38 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 10 mechan ical specification NRF24AP2-USB is packaged in the following qfn-package: ? qfn32 5 x 5 x 0.85 mm, 0.5 mm pitch. figure 24. qfn32 pin 5x5mm table 24. qfn32 dimensions in mm package a a1 a3 b d, e d2, e2 e k l qfn32 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.20 0.18 0.23 0.30 4.9 5.0 5.1 3.20 3.30 3.40 0.5 0.20 0.35 0.40 0.45 min typ max d a d2 e2 e a1 a3 side view top view 1 2 32 31 b l 2 1 e k 32 bottom view
revision 1.0 page 39 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 11 reference circuitry to ensure optimal performance it is essential that you follow the sc hematics- and layout references closely. especially in the case of the antenna matching circuitry (components between device pins ant1 , ant2 , vdd_pa and the antenna), any changes in the layo ut can change the behavior, resulting in degradation of rf performance or a need to change co mponent values. all the reference circuits are designed for use with a 50 ? single end antenna. 11.1 pcb guidelines a well designed pcb is necessary to achieve good rf performance. a poor layout can lead to loss in performance or functionality. a fully qualified rf-l ayout for the nrf24ap2 and its surrounding compo- nents, including matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.com . a pcb with a minimum of two layers including a grou nd plane is recommended for optimal performance. the nrf24ap2 dc supply voltage should be decoupled as close as possible to the vdd pins with high performance rf capacitors. see the schematics in section 11.2 on page 40 for recommended decoupling capacitor values. the nrf24ap2 supply voltage should be filtered and routed separately from the supply voltages of any digital circuitry. long power supply lines on the pcb should be avoided. all device grounds, vdd connections and vdd bypass capacitors must be connecte d as close as possible to the nrf24ap2 ic. for a pcb with a topside rf ground plane, the vss pins should be connected directly to the ground plane. for a pcb with a bottom ground plane, the best te chnique is to have via ho les as close as possible to the vss pads. a minimum of one via hole should be used for each vss pin. full-swing digital data or control signals should not be routed close to the crystal or the power supply lines.
revision 1.0 page 40 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 11.2 schematics figure 25. schematic NRF24AP2-USB nc 16 vss 23 ant1 21 vdd_pa 20 xc1 32 vdd 1 reset 8 vss 7 d+ 4 d- 5 vss 6 vbus 2 vss 18 dec2 29 vdd 3 vss 12 xc2 31 vdd 24 vdd 9 ant2 22 vss 17 vdd 19 iref 25 dec1 28 NRF24AP2-USB nc 10 nc 11 vdd 27 vss 30 nc 13 nc 14 nc 15 vss 26 u1 NRF24AP2-USB 15pf c2 15pf c1 gnd gnd vdd gnd 33nf c7 d- d+ 22ohm r3 22ohm r4 gnd gnd gnd 22kohm r2 gnd 33nf c10 33nf c9 vdd 33nf c8 gnd 33nf c11 vdd gnd vbus 16mhz x1 6.8nh l1 2.2nf c3 na c4 4.7nh l3 6.8nh l2 1.2pf c5 1.0pf c6 gnd gnd gnd 1uf c12 gnd 10ohm r6
revision 1.0 page 41 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 11.3 layout a double sided fr-4 board of 1.6 mm thickness is used. this pcb has a ground plane on the bottom layer. there are ground areas on the component side of the board to ensure sufficient grounding of critical com- ponents. a large number of via holes connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane. no components in bottom layer top silk screen top view bottom view
revision 1.0 page 42 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 11.4 bill of materials (bom) table 25. bill of materials designator value footprint comment c1 15pf 0402 np0 2% c2 15pf 0402 np0 2% c3 2.2nf 0402 x7r 10% c4 not mounted 0402 c5 1.2pf 0402 np0 0.1pf c6 1.0pf 0402 np0 0.1pf c7 33nf 0402 x7r 10% c8 33nf 0402 x7r 10% c9 33nf 0402 x7r 10% c10 33nf 0402 x7r 10% c11 33nf 0402 x7r 10% c12 1uf 0805 x7r 10% l1 6.8nh 0402 high frequency chip inductor 5% l2 6.8nh 0402 high frequency chip inductor 5% l3 4.7nh 0402 high frequency chip inductor 5% r2 22k ? 0402 1% r3 22 ? 0402 1% r4 22 ? 0402 1% r6 10 ? 0402 5% u1 NRF24AP2-USB qfn32 NRF24AP2-USB x1 16 mhz 3.2 x 2.5 mm smd-3225, 16 mhz, cl=9pf, 50 ppm pcb substrate fr4 laminate 16.9 x 15.4 mm 2 layer, thickness 1.6 mm
revision 1.0 page 43 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 12 ordering information 12.1 package marking 12.1.1 abbreviations table 26. abbreviations 12.2 product options 12.2.1 rf silicon table 27. nrf24ap2 rf silicon options 12.2.2 development tools table 28. NRF24AP2-USB reference design nrf bx 24ap2u yywwl l abbreviation definition b build code variable. unique code for production sites, package type and test platform x "x" grade, that is, engineering samples (optional) 24ap2u product number yy two-digit year number ww two-digit week number ll two-letter wafer-lot number code ordering code product package container moq NRF24AP2-USBq32-t NRF24AP2-USB single chip ant solution with usb 5x5mm 32-pin qfn tray 490 NRF24AP2-USBq32-r7 NRF24AP2-USB single chip ant solution with usb 5x5mm 32-pin qfn tape-and-reel 1500 NRF24AP2-USBq32-r NRF24AP2-USB single chip ant solution with usb 5x5mm 32-pin qfn tape-and-reel 4000 NRF24AP2-USBq32-s NRF24AP2-USB single chip ant solution with usb 5x5mm 32-pin qfn sample box 5 type number description nrf6910 nrfready ant usb dongle reference design
revision 1.0 page 44 of 44 NRF24AP2-USB product specification 13 glossary table 29. glossary term description ant tm ultra-low power network protocol sta ck from dynastream innovations inc. ant+ alliance of companies making ant based products. the ant+ alliance develops and maintains device profiles for sports and wellness applications, enabling interoperability betw een products from the alliance members. ber bit error rate gfsk gaussian frequency-shift keying independent channel an ant channel between two ant devices that has a unique setup of rf frequency, timing and channel configuration ism industrial-scientific-medical mcu microcontroller unit moq minimum order quantity osi open systems interconnection pa power amplifier pcb printed circuit board qfn quad flat package. no leads rfid radio frequency identification shared channel ant channel between two or more ant device s that share rf frequency, timing and channel configuration tdma time division multiple access usb universal serial bus

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